Which of These Refers to Parthenogenesis Easy Note Cards

Unformatted text preview: 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Cards Quiz Bingo Set Details Matching Print Helpfulness: 0 Share created 4 years ago by jennaz13 6,046 views show more List View Comments 0 The ovary is most often located on/in the A) stamen. B) carpel. C) petals. D) sepals. E) receptacle B) In some angiosperms, other floral parts contribute to what is commonly called the fruit. Which of the following fruits is derived mostly from an enlarged receptacle? A) pea C) Related Sets All Cards 158 1/56 03/09/2018 B) raspberry C) apple D) pineapple E) peach Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards In the life cycle of an angiosperm, which of the following stages is diploid? A) megaspore B) generative nucleus of a pollen grain C) polar nuclei of the embryo sac D) microsporocyte E) both megaspore and polar nuclei Sign in D) Three mitotic divisions within the A) female gametophyte of the megaspore produce A) three antipodal cells, two polar nuclei, one egg, and two synergids. B) the triple fusion nucleus. C) three pollen grains. D) two antipodal cells, two polar nuclei, two eggs, and two synergids. E) a tube nucleus, a generative cell, and a sperm cell. What is the first step in the germination of a seed? A) pollination B) fertilization C) imbibition D) hydrolysis of starch and other food reserves E) emergence of the radicle C) 2/56 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Which of the following conclusions C) is supported by the research of both Went and Charles and Francis Darwin on shoot responses to light? A) When shoots are exposed to light, a chemical substance migrates toward the light. B) Agar contains a chemical substance that mimics a plant hormone. C) A chemical substance involved in shoot bending is produced in shoot tips. D) Once shoot tips have been cut, normal growth cannot be induced. E) Light stimulates the synthesis of a plant hormone that responds to light When growing plants in culture, IAA is used to stimulate cell enlargement. Which plant growth regulator has to now be added to stimulate cell division? A) ethylene B) indoleacetic acid C) gibberellin D) cytokinin E) abscisic acid D) Interstitial fluid is A) the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. B) the internal environment inside animal cells. C) identical to the composition of D) Sign in 3/56 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards blood. D) the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. E) found only in the lumen of the small intestine. Sign in Tissues are composed of cells, and A) tissues functioning together make up A) organs. B) membranes. C) organ systems. D) organelles. E) organisms An example of a connective tissue C) is the A) skin. B) nerves. C) blood. D) cuboidal epithelium. E) smooth muscles. Muscles are joined to bones by A) ligaments. B) tendons. C) loose connective tissue. D) Haversian systems. E) spindle fibers. B) In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the A) cell body. B) synaptic terminals. A) 4/56 03/09/2018 C) axonal region. D) dendritic region. E) synapse. Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in All skeletal muscle fibers are both C) A) smooth and under involuntary control. B) smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibers. C) striated and under voluntary control. D) smooth and under voluntary control. E) striated and electrically coupled to neighboring fibers. The body's automatic tendency to C) maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed A) balanced equilibrium. B) physiological chance. C) homeostasis. D) static equilibrium. E) estivation Endothermy A) is a characteristic of most animals found in tropical zones. B) is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature. C) is a term equivalent to cold‑ blooded. D) is a characteristic of mammals B) 5/56 03/09/2018 but not of birds. E) is seen only in insects and in certain predatory fishes Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in Hibernation and estivation are both B) examples of A) acclimatization. B) torpor. C) evaporative cooling. D) nonshivering thermogenesis. E) shivering thermogenesis Folic acid supplements have D) become especially important for pregnant women because A) folic acid supplies vitamins that only pregnant women can use. B) the folic acid is stored in adipose tissue by pregnant women so supplements are needed to make more available in the circulation. C) the fetus makes high levels of folic acid. D) folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube abnormalities in a fetus. E) folic acid deprivation is a cause of heart abnormalities in a newborn. intracellular digestion of peptides B) is usually immediately preceded by A) hydrolysis. B) endocytosis. 6/56 03/09/2018 C) absorption. D) elimination. E) secretion. Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in Fat digestion yields fatty acids and C) glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes A) are catalyzed by the same enzyme. B) are excludible intracellular processes in most organisms. C) add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis). D) require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH. E) require ATP as an energy source. Among mammals, it is generally C) true that A) all types of foods begin their enzymatic digestion in the mouth. B) after leaving the oral cavity, the bolus enters the larynx. C) the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea. D) the esophagus is a key source of digestive enzymes. E) the trachea leads to the esophagus and then to the stomach. The absorption of fats differs from D) that of carbohydrates in that the A) processing of fats does not 7/56 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does. B) fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine. C) carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not. D) most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood. E) fats, but not carbohydrates, are digested by bacteria before absorption. Sign in The cells that secrete acidic fluid in D) the stomach are A) the chief cells of the stomach. B) the parietal cells of the stomach. C) not needed for the transformation of pepsinogen to pepsin. D) in the lumen of the stomach. E) adding secretions along the esophagus To adjust blood pressure E) independently in the capillaries of the gas‑exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n) A) open circulatory system. B) hemocoel. 8/56 03/09/2018 C) lymphatic system. D) two‑chambered heart. E) four‑chambered heart. Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in A patient with a blood pressure of D) 120/75, a pulse rate of 40 beats/minute, a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat, and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute will have a cardiac output of A) 500 mL/minute. B) 1,000 mL/minute. C) 1,750 mL/minute. D) 2,800 mL/minute. E) 4,800 mL/minute. Damage to the sinoatrial node in D) humans A) is a major contributor to heart attacks. B) would block conductance between the bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers. C) would have a negative effect on peripheral resistance. D) would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions. E) would have a direct effect on blood pressure monitors in the aorta. Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out, resulting in the A) loss of osmotic pressure in the capillaries. B) 9/56 03/09/2018 B) development of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls. C) loss of fluid from capillaries. D) increased diffusion of CO2. E) increased diffusion of Hb. Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in During most daily activities, the D) human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of A) nitric acid. B) nitrogen. C) oxygen. D) carbon dioxide. E) carbon monoxide The Bohr shift on the oxygen‑ hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by changes in A) the partial pressure of oxygen. B) the partial pressure of carbon monoxide. C) hemoglobin concentration. D) temperature. E) pH. E) The eyes and the respiratory tract D) are both protected against infections by A) the mucous membranes that cover their surface. B) the secretion of complement proteins. C) the release of slightly alkaline secretions. D) the secretion of lysozyme onto 10/56 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards their surfaces. E) interferons produced by immune cells. Clonal selection is an explanation for how A) a single type of stem cell can produce both red blood cells and white blood cells. B) V, J, and C gene segments are rearranged. C) an antigen can provoke production of high levels of specific antibodies. D) HIV can disrupt the immune system. E) macrophages can recognize specific T cells and B cells. Sign in C) Arrange these components of the E) mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen in the correct sequence. I. Pathogen is destroyed. II. Lymphocytes secrete antibodies. III. Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes. IV. Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous. V. Only memory cells remain. A) I → III → II → IV → V B) III → II → I → V → IV 11/56 03/09/2018 C) II → I → IV → III → V D) IV → II → III → I → V E) III → IV → II → I → V Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in The primary function of humoral D) immunity is A) to defend against fungi and protozoa. B) to reject transplanted tissues. C) to protect the body against cells that become cancerous. D) to protect the body against extracellular pathogens. E) to defend against bacteria and viruses that have already infected cells. Naturally acquired passive C) immunity results from the A) injection of vaccine. B) ingestion of interferon. C) placental transfer of antibodies. D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. E) injection of antibodies. Unlike most bony fishes, sharks C) maintain body fluids that are isoosmotic to seawater, so they are considered by many to be osmoconformers. Nonetheless, these sharks osmoregulate at least partially by A) using their gills and kidneys to rid themselves of sea salts. B) monitoring dehydration at the cellular level with special gated 12/56 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards aquaporins. C) tolerating high urea concentrations that balance internal salt concentrations to seawater osmolarity. D) synthesizing trimethylamine oxide, a chemical that binds and precipitates salts inside cells. E) possessing a special adaptation that allows their cells to operate at an extraordinarily high salt concentration. Sign in 3Urea is produced in the A) A) liver from NH₃ and CO₂. B) liver from glycogen. C) kidneys from glucose. D) kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids. E) bladder from uric acid and H₂O. The advantage of excreting B) nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that A) urea can be exchanged for Na+. B) urea is less toxic than ammonia. C) urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia. D) urea does not affect the osmolar gradient. E) less nitrogen is removed from the body. The most concentrated urine is excreted by A) frogs. B) kangaroo rats. B) 13/56 03/09/2018 C) humans. D) desert tortoises. E) birds. Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in Materials are returned to the blood C) from the filtrate by which of the following processes? A) filtration B) ultrafiltration C) selective reabsorption D) secretion E) active transport Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in A) flatworms. B) earthworms. C) insects. D) vertebrates. E) cnidarians. A) Choose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal. A) metanephridium flatworm B) Malpighian tubule frog C) kidney insect D) flame bulb snake E) exchange across body surface marine invertebrate E) Within a normally functioning nephron, blood can be found in A) the vasa recta. B) Bowman's capsule. A) 14/56 03/09/2018 C) the loop of Henle. D) the proximal tubule. E) the collecting duct. Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in Processing of filtrate in the C) proximal and distal tubules A) achieves the sorting of plasma proteins according to size. B) achieves the conversion of toxic ammonia to less toxic urea. C) maintains homeostasis of pH in body fluids. D) regulates the speed of blood flow through the nephrons. E) reabsorbs urea to maintain osmotic balance. After drinking alcoholic beverages, C) increased urine excretion is the result of A) increased aldosterone production. B) increased blood pressure. C) inhibited secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). D) increased reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule. E) the osmoregulator cells of the brain increasing their activity. The reason that the steroid B) hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body is that A) only its target cells get exposed to aldosterone. B) only its target cells contain 15/56 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards aldosterone receptors. C) it is unable to enter nontarget cells. D) nontarget cells destroy aldosterone before it can produce any effect. E) nontarget cells convert aldosterone to a hormone to which they do respond. Sign in Different body cells can respond C) differently to the same peptide hormones because A) different target cells have different sets of genes. B) each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. C) a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways. D) the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets. E) the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system. Portal blood vessels connect two capillary beds found in the A) hypothalamus and thalamus. B) anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. C) hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. D) posterior pituitary and thyroid C) 16/56 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards gland. E) anterior pituitary and adrenal gland. Sign in In a lactating mammal, the two B) hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are A) prolactin and calcitonin. B) prolactin and oxytocin. C) follicle‑stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. D) luteinizing hormone and oxytocin. E) prolactin and luteinizing hormone. Prolactin stimulates mammary C) gland growth and development in mammals and regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin A) is a nonspecific hormone. B) has a unique mechanism for eliciting its effects. C) is an evolutionarily conserved hormone. D) is derived from two separate sources. E) interacts with many different receptor molecules. The body's reaction to PTH D) (parathyroid hormone), a reduction in plasma levels of calcium, can be 17/56 03/09/2018 opposed by A) thyroxine. B) epinephrine. C) growth hormone. D) calcitonin. E) glucagon. Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in The autonomic nervous system B) includes an endocrine gland known as the A) ovary. B) adrenal medulla. C) adrenal cortex. D) testis. E) thyroid. An advantage of asexual C) reproduction is that A) asexual reproduction allows the species to endure long periods of unstable environmental conditions. B) asexual reproduction enhances genetic variability in the species. C) asexual reproduction enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favorable to that species. D) asexual reproduction produces offspring that respond effectively to new pathogens. E) asexual reproduction allows a species to easily rid itself of harmful mutations Sexual reproduction patterns include the example of A) fragmentation. C) 18/56 03/09/2018 B) budding. C) hermaphroditism. D) parthenogenesis. E) fission. Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards Sign in Sexual reproduction B) A) allows animals to conserve resources and reproduce only during optimal conditions. B) can produce diverse phenotypes that may enhance survival of a population in a changing environment. C) yields more numerous offspring more rapidly than is possible with asexual reproduction. D) enables males and females to remain isolated from each other while rapidly colonizing habitats. E) guarantees that both parents will provide care for each offspring. Evidence that parthenogenic A) whiptail lizards are derived from sexually reproducing ancestors includes A) the requirement for male‑like behaviors in some females before their partners will ovulate. B) the development and then regression of testes prior to sexual maturation. C) the observation that all of the offspring are haploid. D) dependence on favorable weather conditions for ovulation to 19/56 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards occur. E) the persistence of a vestigial penis among some of the females. Sign in Internal and external fertilization A) both A) produce zygotes. B) occur only among invertebrates. C) occur only among terrestrial animals. D) depend on the use of intromittent copulatory organs. E) occur only among birds. An oocyte released from a human C) ovary enters the oviduct as a result of A) the beating action of the flagellum on the oocyte. B) the force of the follicular ejection directing the oocyte into the oviduct. C) the wavelike beating of cilia lining the oviduct. D) movement of the oocyte through the pulsating uterus into the oviduct. E) peristaltic contraction of ovarian muscles. In humans, the follicular cells that B) remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become A) the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the menses. B) a steroid‑hormone synthesizing structure called the corpus luteum. 20/56 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards C) the thickened portion of the uterine wall. D) swept into the fallopian tube. E) the placenta, which secretes cervical mucus. Testosterone is synthesized primarily by the A) sperm cells. B) hypothalamus. C) Leydig cells. D) anterior pituitary gland. E) seminiferous tubules. Sign in C) Human sperm cells first arise in the C) A) prostate gland. B) vas deferens. C) seminiferous tubules. D) epididymis. E) Sertoli cells. At the time of fertilization, the complete maturation of each oogonium has resulted in A) one secondary oocyte. B) two primary oocytes. C) four secondary oocytes. D) four primary oocytes. E) four zygotes. A) In correct chronological order, the D) three phases of the human ovarian cycle are A) menstrual → ovulation → luteal. B) follicular → luteal → secretory. C) menstrual → proliferative → secretory. 21/56 03/09/2018 Final Exam Part 2 Intro to Bio 2 Flashcards | Easy Notecards D) follicular → ovulation → luteal. E) proliferative → luteal → ovulation. Sign in Ovulation is the follicular response A) to a burst of secretion of A) LH. B) progesterone. C) inhibin. D) prolactin. E) estradiol. The hormone progesterone is C) produced A) in the pituitary and acts directly on the ovary. B) in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary. C) in the ovary and acts directly on the uterus. D) in the pituitary and acts directly on the uterus. E) in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary. A reliable "marker" that a pregnancy has initiated is A) progesteron...
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